Common questions about quarterly tax payments and self-employment taxes
Quarterly estimated tax payments are due on: April 15, June 16, September 15, and January 15. If a deadline falls on a weekend or holiday, the due date is the next business day. For 2025, the deadlines are: April 15, 2025 (Q1), June 16, 2025 (Q2), September 15, 2025 (Q3), and January 15, 2026 (Q4).
Use our free quarterly tax calculator to estimate your payments. You need your expected annual income, deductions, and state of residence. The calculator uses current tax rates and safe harbor rules. You can also use Form 1040-ES worksheet or consult with a tax professional.
The self-employment tax rate is 15.3% (12.4% for Social Security and 2.9% for Medicare) on net earnings up to the Social Security wage base ($176,100 in 2025). This is in addition to your regular income tax. Additional Medicare Tax of 0.9% applies to income over $200,000 (single) or $250,000 (married filing jointly).
You generally need to pay quarterly estimated taxes if you expect to owe at least $1,000 in tax for the year (after subtracting withholding and refundable credits) and your withholding will be less than 90% of your current year tax or 100% of your prior year tax (110% if AGI was over $150,000).
If you miss a quarterly tax payment, the IRS may charge penalties and interest on the underpayment. The penalty is calculated based on how much you underpaid and how long the underpayment existed. However, you may avoid penalties if you meet safe harbor requirements or have reasonable cause.
Yes, you can pay quarterly estimated taxes online through the IRS website using Direct Pay, Electronic Federal Tax Payment System (EFTPS), or credit/debit card. You can also pay by mail with Form 1040-ES. Online payments are processed immediately and provide instant confirmation.
The safe harbor rule allows you to avoid underpayment penalties if you pay at least 90% of your current year tax liability, or 100% of your previous year tax liability (110% if your AGI was over $150,000). This provides a buffer to avoid penalties even if your income changes during the year.
Many states require quarterly estimated tax payments if you expect to owe a certain amount (varies by state). Check your state tax agency website for specific requirements. Our calculator can help estimate both federal and state quarterly payments.
You can adjust your quarterly payments at any time. If your income increases, increase your payments to avoid underpayment penalties. If your income decreases, you can reduce payments, but be careful not to underpay. Use our income projection tool to help plan adjustments.
Common deductions for self-employed workers include: business expenses (office supplies, equipment, software), home office deduction, vehicle expenses, health insurance premiums, retirement contributions (SEP-IRA, Solo 401k), and professional development. Use our expense deduction calculator to see how deductions reduce your taxable income.